The Impact Of Playstation Portable Advertising On The...

In an era of multimedia convergence and freedom of expression, opinion is published and spread freely online. This kind of freedom also been used by advertisers to promote their product, and sometimes advertisers take it too far. This essay will be analyzing the PlayStation Portable advertising that was released in Dutch with the tagline ‘White is coming’, and arguing about the racism and culture issue that will be addressed in regards to the concept of essentialism and non-essentialism. This essay will also clarify how racism is still a big issue that will affect the young generation. As a result, advertising propagates existing racial symbols while denying it, as part of a strategy of disrepute. Sony, the company that produce PSP, is known as the undisputed leader in graphics and computing (Bogner et al. 2007). PlayStation Portable or PSP is a smaller, lighter version of Sony s PlayStation. This gaming console is made not only for gaming; users can also store and play their music, videos and still images. The advertisement for the new colour of PSP called White is coming that was released in Dutch, were making some people angry. The advertisement displays two women, black and white, fighting each other in black background. It is shown that the white is more dominant and aggressive; the hairstyle, the way she grab the black women and also her face expression demonstrating anger. This advertisement can also be define as a hatred toward black people because, it shows thatShow MoreRelatedEssay on Rapid Growth of Nintendo Video Games2304 Words   |  10 PagesHowever the console failed to gain momentum at the beginning, and ultimately botched, 2013 year ended with the Wii U sell ing only 2.8 million consoles. The Xbox One and PlayStation 4 sold 3million and 4.2 million consoles respectively (CNN, 2014), despite only going on sale in November 2013. The lack of sales had a negative impact on profitability, with Nintendo reporting an operating loss of  ¥36.4 billion at year end (Forbes, 2013). Nintendo attributes the lack of Wii U sales with the delay of strongRead MoreEb Games Business Plan Essay12098 Words   |  49 PagesDistribution 15 Describe the methods that will be used to sell and distribute the products or services 15 Discuss the advantage and disadvantage of the selling methods chosen 17 6.Advertising and Promotion 17 Advertising and promotion approach 17 Basis of the approach 18 Outline of costs 19 Competitors’ advertising and promotion 19 7.Customer Relations 19 Maintaining customer relations 19 Customer services policies 20 Dealing with complaints 23 Terms of payment 24 Monitoring andRead MoreWhy Women Should Not Be Sexualized And Objectified The Way They Are Video Games3095 Words   |  13 Pagesthe world and the stereotypes that have been created about what women should be doing and how women should be submissive and helpless etc. Video games have had a huge impact in creating and pushing some of these stereotypes and still today are placing emphasis on them to the next generation of players. How this will impact on young players exposed to these fantasies and their perception of women’s role in society is yet to be determined. Games like Tomb Raider (Eidos Interactive, 1996–2009. SquareRead MoreComment on How Changes in Macro and Market Environment Forces Impact on the Level of Competition in an Industry.18606 Words   |  75 Pages † The marketing environment LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you should be able to: describe the nature of the marketing environment explain the distinction between the microenvironment and the macroenvironment discuss the impact of political and legal, economic, ecological/physical environmental, social/cultural and technological forces on marketing decisions explain how to conduct environmental scanning discuss how companies respond to environmental change PoliticalRead MoreNintendo Marketing Plan8431 Words   |  34 Pagestime watching television, 24% on socializing, 22% on sport and hobbies and 10% on other activities. Some popular sports in UK are rugby, tennis, cricket and football. Meanwhile, average of only 15 minutes a day are spent on doing sports by the either young or old British people. 3.1.4 Technological The technology sector has shown big changes through the years. The use of mobile phones as well as internet services has increased dramatically in the last ten years. For example in the UK there is a significantRead MoreNintendo10466 Words   |  42 Pagesbusiness model of the video game industry. In 2000, when Sony, Microsoft and Nintendo (the â€Å"big three† of the video game console manufacturers) released their latest products, Sonys PlayStation 2 (â€Å"PS2†) emerged as the clear winner, outselling Microsoft’s Xbox and Nintendo’s GameCube. In 2006, a new generation of video game consoles was introduced by these players, precipitating a new competitive battle in the industry. Microsoft and Sony continued with their previous strategies of increasingRead MoreSummary Article Nikes Dispute with the University of Oregon9247 Words   |  37 PagesFortune 500 Fortune 500 The Fortune 500 is an annual list compiled and published by Fortune magazine that ranks the top 500 U.S. closely held and public corporations as ranked by their gross revenue after adjustments made by Fortune to exclude the impact of excise taxes companies collect. The list includes publicly and... companies headquartered in the state of Oregon, according to The Oregonian The Oregonian The Oregonian is the major daily newspaper in Portland, Oregon, owned by Advance PublicationsRead MoreSwot Analysis25582 Words   |  103 Pagesthe target market, Sunbeam applies an integrated marketing communications strategy, markets the products through a variety of media, and utilises a range of promotional tools. The advertising campaign was developed to position the Cafà © Series range as a high-performing premium brand. Sunbeam focused on magazine advertising and point of purchase displays. In addition to the magazine print campaign, supportive materials were developed— such as a 12-page brochure, in-pack cross-selling leaflets, on-pack/productRead MoreAnalysis of the Music Industry30024 Words   |  121 Pagesfor years to come. Recent growth in recorded products has also come from music on digital versatile disc (DVD), which are rapidly replacing videocassettes, and this marks a shift towards a more `visual appreciation of music and its performers. Young consumers are spending more time accessing music through their computers or televisions, having been brought up on MTV and other music channels in the new digital media environment of multi-channel television and radio. Although radio is now peripheralRead Moreâ€Å"a Study on Consumer Behaviour with Reference to Sony Vaio Laptops†14338 Words   |  58 Pagespaid whenever someone clicks on the advertiser’s ad). Now her friend has returned with the coffees and pastries. Her friend is eager to show off her parent’s gift to her on her birthday-a ruby ring and A220 Samsung cell phone created by a team of young Korean designers after months of market research and focus groups. The phone resembles cosmetic compact and dispenses dieting tips as well as advice on how to dress for the weather. The two girls are oohing and aahing over the tiny display that doubles

Dr. Martin Luther King’s Why We Cant Wait Essay - 531 Words

Dr. Martin Luther King’s Why We Cant Wait While reading Dr. King’s novel, I was able to get an uncensored idea of what African Americans went through in their struggle for civil rights. I cannot comprehend the extent to which they suffered while protesting, and it would be ignorant of me to think that I could understand. The many people who fought with Martin Luther King, Jr. for civil rights understand something about this country that I am only beginning to discover. I can only hope this shameful part of our history is never repeated. I felt a sense of disgust and shame while reading about the events of the Civil Rights struggle in Birmingham, Alabama. I have always heard that they would used dogs and water hoses to push†¦show more content†¦How could people think that this kind of oppression was tolerable and that the blacks did not have a right and freedom to protest? Part of me wanted to be there to help make a difference and join in the struggle, but part of me was also really afraid just by reading about the events in Birmingham. The people who protested with Dr. King showed a tremendous amount of courage and passion that could not be put out by fire hoses or dogs. I do not think that anyone, who has not been the victim of the extreme oppression that the blacks were victims of for hundreds of years, could understand why the civil rights movement was necessary at that time. Dr. King realized that you cannot wait for people to change their attitudes or beliefs, you have to help them see the error of their beliefs. It is easy for someone who is not being oppressed to tell you to wait. When you and your families are the victims of oppression and violence, you reach a breaking point when you realize that things need to change now. Dr. King had the courage to say that publicly, and people followed him in the struggle because of that cou rage. When you believe in something that much nothing, not even death can stop the struggle. Even after Dr. King was assassinated, his legacy lived on. His legacy was something that wasShow MoreRelatedEssay on Dr. Martin Luther King Jr and The Civil Rights Movement2125 Words   |  9 PagesMartin Luther King jr. was one of the most influential persons of the 20th Century. He is the father of the modern civil rights movement, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., is recognized around the world as a symbol of freedom as well as peace. King practiced everything that he preached, he did not preach or speak values that he himself did not follow. He established himself as a pastor that was not afraid of hard work, guiding the middle-class congregation to public service. For example, Peake, Thomas

Marketing Paper Final Exam free essay sample

Final Paper Marketing encompasses the complex cycle of every stage of a product, from conception to the final sale and everything in between. Marketers are challenged with identifying the consumers needs/wants and managing the process to meet those needs. Every product a marketer develops goes through four stages in its life, The Product Life Cycle. Each stage of the product life cycle (Introduction, Growth, Maturity, and Decline) have unique characteristics that a marketer faces as they create utility and try to maintain or grow their market share. Through each stage advertising is critical and marketers try to inform, persuade and remind consumers about their product. The difference is the approach and focus of the advertising. Every product that comes to market enters into the Introduction Stage. This is the stage where consumers are first introduced to the product. â€Å"During the introductory stage of the product life cycle, a firm works to stimulate demand for the new market entry. † (Boone Kurtz, 2006, p. 371) A marketer must connect with consumers to create a market for the new product. Every year hundreds of new products enter the introductory stage. Currently a product that is just beginning to take hold is high-definition televisions (HDTVs). HDTVs broadcast pictures with increased clarity and give the viewer (consumer) options on camera angles and additional information. Currently, â€Å"Yankee Group estimates that 15 percent of American households now own (a HDTV), with Forrester estimating 10 percent at most. † (Crawford, 2005) During the introductory stage, marketers are trying to introduce the product to consumers. One of the ways marketers succeed is in offering promotions or discounts to distributors to get the product in the marketplace. Most of the advertising focuses on informing the public about the new product. While information is key, advertisers also try to persuade consumers to purchase the product and often times remind consumers where they can find the product. The Introductory stage is where all products start. It is in this early stage that products are refined based on consumer and distribution feedback. Often times the numbers of marketers are minimal in the introductory stage as the market is being developed. As a product finds its market and begins to gain acceptance, it moves into the Growth Stage of the product life cycle. The growth stage is where a product sees its sales volumes increase dramatically. At this stage in the product’s life, â€Å"new customers make initial purchases and early buyers repurchase. † (Boone Kurtz, 2006, p. 372) Early marketers find increased competition as their competitors enter the product space to share in the profits. Satellite television has entered into the growth market with the advent of the small dish. Early satellite television was mainly limited to rural areas that were inaccessible to cable television. The dishes were large and unattractive. As the technology has advances and the satellite dish has shrunk to less then twenty-four inches, consumers have rushed to the alternative to cable television. Satellite television marketers are continuing to refine their product in this growth stage. Recently, the top two providers of satellite television signed deals to provide affordable high-speed internet service. â€Å"For satellite-TV providers, the service is another way to offer a full line of products. † (AP, 2006) The growth stage is where marketers move from a heavy focus on information in advertising to a more persuasive approach. The persuasive approach allows the marketers to differentiate from competitors and encourage individuals to not be left behind. If the product space attracts multiple marketers, pricing, features and other differentiators are used in the advertising to help marketers gain or maintain market share. The Growth Stage of the product life cycle is complex and changing. Marketers rely on word-of-mouth, mass advertising and falling prices to sustain the momentum and interest in the product. The goal of the growth stage is to get reluctant buyers to buy and current customers to repurchase. As a product matures and growth stabilizes, the product moves in the Maturity Stage. Sales start to plateau and supply exceeds demand for the first time in the products life cycle. Competing marketers have flooded the field and profits begin to become depressed. All of these factors create pressure on marketers to continue their brands sustainability. Carbonated soft drinks are a very mature product. According to the American Beverage Association (ABA) the beginnings of the modern soda started in the 1830’s. (ABA, 2006) The ABA estimates that there are over 450 brands in the product space. The number of brands creates fierce competition for American’s 65 billion in annual purchases. Adverting in the mature stage of a product’s life is all about increasing purchases, differentiating your brand and finding new uses or markets for the product. In the soft drink space marketers try celebrity endorsements and product differentiation. 7-UP is â€Å"the un-cola†, trying to draw its distinction among more popular cola brands. Whatever approach the marketer takes in advertising, the goal is to extend the maturity stage and maintain profits for as long as possible. A product in the mature stage of the product life cycle does not indicate imminent demise. As illustrated above, soft drinks continue to command consumer’s dollars. Marketers will often look to new markets and changes in the product to extend the life of the product. One of the largest struggles for mature products is maintaining profits as competition drives down prices. As the product leaves maturity it enters the Decline Stage in the Product life cycle. A products decline is most often linked to new technologies. Marketers focus on reminding the remaining customers in the market that they are there for the consumer’s needs. Sales decline, profits decline and the product space eventually looses money. VCRs are a product on the decline in the United States. With the advance of DVDs and the reduction in price of DVRs, VCRs are loosing shelf space and market share. Marketers often times search for new markets as products decline in their existing markets. So while the United States and Europe may transition to a new technology, emerging economies may embrace the â€Å"older† and cheaper technology, thus extending the products life. Advertising a product in the stage of decline focuses on reminding the remaining consumer base the product still exists.

Strategic Management as a Science

Introduction Today, most of the organizations believe in the ability of strategic management to deliver toward achievement of organizational goals. Strategic management refers to an art and science of designing, implementing, and evaluating cross –functional decisions that aim at achieving the long-term objectives of an organization.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategic Management as a Science specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It deals with the process of redefining the organizational mission and vision, designing policies and programs, which translate into strategic projects and allocating resources necessary for the achievement of goals and objectives (Davenport, 2011). The question of whether strategic management is an art or science has preoccupied the discussions for many years. Varied views have yielded a wide range of differences relating to categorization of strategic management. Although the field of management in general and strategic management, in particular, has traces of artistry, it is exclusively important to note that the scientific nature of management prevails to a greater extend. In this paper, the discussion ventures to examine how strategic management exhibits scientific traits in the manner of approach. Literature review, debate, discussion and self-position The process of evaluating the efficacy and effectiveness of an organization’s strategy as some of the elements of strategic management are critical to an organization (Davenport, 2011). The process of evaluating an organization in respect of the strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities demands of the organization to pursue it objectively and exclusively. According to Davenport (2011), this process requires to answer the three fundamental questions. These questions include sentiments of â€Å"would this work? Can the process be functional? Will they work towards accomplishing its agenda ? In his study, Foss (2008) noted that measuring the success of an organization based on the prevailing organizational rubrics demand that the organizational achieves an objective approach necessary for this process.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Numerous surveys demonstrate the significance of evaluation and measurement as critical components of strategic management. Measurement requires critical scientific methods and tools in order to arrive at an exclusive outcome that can explain a given phenomenon. Therefore, strategic management achieves its objectives through the application of scientific methods. Strategic management deals with the methods of apportioning human, economic, and capital resources and monitoring the entire process with an aim of achieving the preplanned goals. To achieve these noble procedures, strategic management must be ready apply the necessary t ools in equitably and efficiently allotting these varied resources. In a bid to establish the fundamentals of proper management, it is critical for managers top design methodologies capable of harmonizing resources, evaluating, and selecting feasible alternatives. According to Foss (2008), researchers of strategic management consist of practically oriented folks who engage in scientific approaches in the view to determine solutions to management problems. In his study, Foss (2008) suggested that scholars of strategic management immensely preoccupy themselves with the concept of theoretical change within their field while holding reasons for such change. In the process of debating change, scholars in the field of strategic management do so in the spirit of science. For instance, they debate on whether the adoption of specific concepts of strategic management would lead t a loss of content. Additionally, they may engage in discussions of old and new theoretical underpinnings (Raduan, Jegak, Haslinda Alimini, 2009). Essentially, all these discussions employ the concepts of science as a key concern of theory and criteria of practice (Davenport, 2011). The theory of strategic management deals exclusively with the most neglected aspect of management, notably the mechanism-oriented explanation and the relevance of micro-foundations. The theories and discussions of science-based approaches in strategic management have undergone a rigorous and informed growth through arguments aimed at enriching the scientific literature (Cravens, 2010) and (Raduan, Jegak, Haslinda Alimini, 2009). Scholars of scientific management have noted that strategic management is an empirical field always employing practical application of knowledge, concepts, and philosophies. Since its inception, strategic management through scholars such as Henry Porter, it has influenced the general field of scientific management as espoused by Taylor, the father of scientific management (Cravens, 2010). R ecommendation In this study, the paper recognizes the need to appreciate strategic management as a science as well as an art. However, the critical role that the strategic management, especially its empirical approaches demands that we allot most of the scientific theories and practice in a bid to facilitate its mandate (Raduan, Jegak, Haslinda Alimini, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategic Management as a Science specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Informed by this recognition, organizations that employ the principles of strategic management have the role to play in ensuring that the essence of management is achieved through practical application of scientific modes without relying on the theoretical underpinnings (Dauda, Akingbade, Akinlabi, 2010). Conclusion In conclusion, the theory and practice of strategic management borrow immensely from the field of science. Although the concept of management in general and strategic management in particular, is inherently born of the art, the application of theoretical and scientific principles by strategic management scholars lends it toward a scientific orientation. It is arguable that the concerns of strategic management such as performance appraisal and people management remain critical in establishing the role of science in driving the core of strategic management. References Cravens, D. W. (2010). Management framework guiding strategic thinking in rapidly changing markets. Journal of Marketing Management, 25 (1/2): 31-49. Dauda, Yunus, D. A., Akingbade, W. A., Akinlabi, H. B. (2010). Strategic Management Practice and Corporate Performance of Selected Small Business Enterprises in Lagos Metropolis. International Journal of Business Management, 5(11): 97-105. Davenport, T. H. (2011). Rethinking knowledge work: A strategic approach. McKinsey Quarterly, 1, 89-99. Foss, N. J. (2008). Theory of Science Perspectives on Strategic Managem ent Research: Debates and a Novel View. SMG working paper.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Raduan, C. R.,Jegak, U., Haslinda, A., Alimini, I. I. (2009). Management, Strategic Management Theories and the Linkage with Organizational Competitive Advantage from the Resource-Based View. European Journal of Social Sciences, 11(3): 402-413. This report on Strategic Management as a Science was written and submitted by user Crosby Snow to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Business Research Methods Part 3 Example

Business Research Methods Part 3 Example Business Research Methods Part 3 – Term Paper Example Discuss potential challenges to validity and reliability of your research question, data and analysis. Outline steps needed to minimize these challenges. There are potential challenges which may pose to the validity and reliability of the research question, data and analysis. Nowadays a lot of importance is given to qualitative methods to collect data like focus groups, in – depth interviews and observational methods. However, these may be biased as considerable research needs to be done prior to selecting a sample group. Also the researcher may be biased in trying to determine the participant observation. Another potential challenge lies in data collection and analysis. Sometimes the data might be outdated or the researcher may not be able to collect comprehensive data to carry out research. Another challenge is to prioritize and filter information from the data – both qualitative and quantitative. The researcher needs to abandon redundant information and include only those which are relevant to his or her research (Sittig et al, 2008).There may be several methods which a researcher may employ in order to reduce the challenges and increase the authenticity of data used in research. Here the researcher has conducted both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the healthcare dilemma in American households. One of them is to involve iterative methods and the refinement and development of analogies, typologies and other methods to analyze data (Fitzpatrick & Boulton 1996). This is extremely important especially when qualitative methods of data collection are employed. The researcher may be biased or the participants may be biased in providing their observations and answers. Hence, conducting iteration is one way to reduce such bias in data analysis. Another way to authenticate and validate the data collected in research is to properly prioritize and sort out the data. The researcher must take into account only information which is relevant t o the research. The researcher must keep in mind that the reliability and validity of the research depends on the data collection and analysis. Hence, it is very necessary to try and procure accurate data in order to conduct research. References: Sittig, D.F., Wright, A., Osheroff, J. A., Middleton, B., Teich, J.M., Ash, J.S., Campbell, E., Bates, D.W. (2008). Grand challenges in clinical decision support. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 41, 387 – 392. Fitzpatrick, Ray & Boulton, Mary. (1996). Qualitative research in healthcare: The scope and validity of methods. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 2, 123 – 130.

Definition and Examples of English Morphology

Definition and Examples of English Morphology Morphology is the branch of linguistics (and one of the major components of grammar) that studies word structures, especially regarding morphemes, which are the smallest units of language. They can be base words or components that form words, such as affixes. The adjective form is  morphological. Morphology Over Time Traditionally, a basic distinction has been made between morphology- which is primarily concerned with the internal structures of words- and syntax, which is primarily concerned with how words are put together in sentences. The term morphology has been taken over from biology where it is used to denote the study of the forms of plants and animals ... It was first used for linguistic purposes in 1859 by the German linguist August Schleicher (Salmon 2000), to refer to the study of the form of words, noted Geert E. Booij, in An Introduction to Linguistic Morphology. (3rd ed., Oxford University Press, 2012) In recent decades, however, numerous linguists have challenged this distinction. See, for example, lexicogrammar and lexical-functional grammar (LFG), which consider the interrelationship- even interdependence- between words and grammar. Branches of and Approaches to Morphology The two branches of morphology include the study of the breaking apart (the analytic side) and the reassembling (the synthetic side) of words; to wit, inflectional morphology concerns the breaking apart of words into their parts, such as how suffixes make different verb forms. ​Lexical word formation, in contrast, concerns the construction of new base words, especially complex ones that come from multiple morphemes. Lexical word formation is also called lexical morphology and derivational morphology. Author David Crystal gives these examples: For English, [morphology] means devising ways of describing the properties of such disparate items as a, horse, took, indescribable, washing machine, and antidisestablishmentarianism. A widely recognized approach divides the field into two domains: lexical or derivational morphology studies the way in which new items of vocabulary can be built up out of combinations of elements (as in the case of in-describ-able); inflectional morphology studies the ways words vary in their form in order to express a grammatical contrast (as in the case of horses, where the ending marks plurality). (The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2003) And authors Mark Aronoff and Kirsten Fuderman also discuss and give examples of the two approaches this way: The analytic approach has to do with breaking words  down, and it is usually associated with American structuralist linguistics of the first  half of the twentieth century....No matter what language were looking at,  we need analytic methods that are independent of the structures we are examining; preconceived notions might interfere with an objective, scientific analysis. This is especially true when dealing with unfamiliar languages.The second approach to morphology is more often associated with theory than with methodology, perhaps unfairly. This is the synthetic approach. It basically says, I have a lot of little pieces here. How do I put them together? This question presupposes that you already know what the pieces are. Analysis must in some way precede synthesis. (Mark Aronoff and Kirsten Fudeman, What Is Morphology? 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell, 2011)

Visual Literacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Visual Literacy - Essay Example Taylor, by refusing to show any creations or structures of the indigenous people, represents them as a homeless, wandering band, whereas Howling Wolf portrays a thriving community. Question 2 John Taylor’s treaty signing portrays an entirely male cast, ignoring the many indigenous women present at the treaty signing. He probably did not make an active decision to exclude the women from this work, but instead made what he would have considered important artistic decisions. Taylor clearly believed that this treaty signing was an important event, as he chose to record it in such a detailed work. He probably also thought that, as an artist, his duty was to emphasize the important aspects of the event, while not portraying other things that would clutter his work. He, coming from a white patriarchal background probably believed on every level that indigenous women were of little worth, and thus the idea of recording them as part of an important event probably did not even cross his mind.

The Role of Taxation Policies under Globalisation and Trade Essay

The Role of Taxation Policies under Globalisation and Trade - Essay Example In this case tax competition will increase everyone will want to reduce their rates and give more incentives. The global mobility of goods, services, finance and consumers has disturbed the tax system of both mobile and immobile factors. This requires efficient taxation of firms operating in different regions. Every country want to minimal taxation to attract Fade-in this article we will discuss the different taxation policies under globalization and trade. Due to the globalization process private and public sectors also had change their policies and practices.3 When a country formulates its policies it takes in to consideration its domestic economy. Whenever there is any type of agreement or trade treaties between nation they are don’t compromise on national independence  regarding taxation. Globalization has change base, implication, design and administration of taxaes.Fiscal termites is used to describe the effect of globalization on tax systems. Adoption of tax system ac cording to globalization is slow process, as tax administrator face difficulties in administering new tax system and making it feasible to IT system and people. Government are facing stiff competition in reducing taxes and giving more incentives to attract FDI, this may lead to race to the bottom in which overall tax collection will be less. Literature Review Taxation It is a system of obligatory contribution imposed by government on people, corporation and property in order to raise revenue for public expenditure. It can direct and indirect it varies from country to country.4 It can be progressive, proportional or regressive tax. Under Progressive tax as income rises tax rates increases. Proportional Tax remain the same at all level and under regressive tax rate decreases as income increases this effect poor people then rich .it is impossible for a government to run its operation without taxes. It also a legislative power and help in implementation of rules. Taxation is set of rule s, how much a very person has to pay and whom and when it should be paid. Taxation is a powerful tool to gain social evolution and economic advancement. By giving tax exemption some activities supported for growth and for the discourage of certain product or activity heavy taxes are imposed. Local business are promoted by imposing heavy taxes on foreign goods . The basic principles of taxation are as follow5: Efficiency : It focuses on the foundation of the taxation policies prevailing in a country.An efficient taxation system should be unbiased and anti-nepotisum and simple so that people can understand it. Equality: The application of the tax system should be Equitable and should treat all taxpayer in similar economic conditions and different treatment in different economic conditions. Certainty : For the establishment of an ideal taxation system certainty is fundamental because one should know what is going to be tax cost and outcomes of tax avoidance. Positive Economics Effects: In actual taxation is for the smooth flow of national affairs and stability in the country and promoting economy.    Trade Trade is transfer of ownership of goods and services from one person to another the act of doing trade is called transactions, the original form of trade

Language Paper Essay Example for Free

Language Paper Essay Language can be looked at differently from other types of cognitions. There is a need for language in one form or another to have the ability to communicate with other human beings. This communication is the basis to how human beings express themselves to those around them. With this expression comes the ability to formulate thoughts. These thoughts can be translated to others through language. This language play an important role when analyzing, problem-solving, creating reasons, communicating needs, and making plans. Without the existence of language the attempt for humans to achieve goals would be almost impossible to accomplish. Goals would have to be accomplished be figuring out an alternative method than language to be used for sciences, history, mathematics, and the ability to explain past experiences or cultures. Because language is such an important communication tool, this paper will go into the definition of language and lexicon, evaluating the key features of language, with a description of the four levels of the language structure and processing, and analyzing the role of language processing in cognitive psychology. . Define Language Because there is so many different ways of language it can be difficult to provide just one. Cognitive psychology defines language as a system of communication that is governed by a system of rules and can express an infinite number of propositions. In addition, natural language has two criteria. First it must be governed by a set of rules knows as grammar. Second it must be productive – an infinite number of things can be expressed (Galotti, 2015). But there are some factors that are deemed to be critical in the communication of human language. The factors that are deemed critical are: communicative, arbitrary, structured, generative, and dynamic  (Willingham, 2007). These critical items that are necessary for the formation of language starts with communicative. Communicative will allow communication between individuals. Arbitrary which means that a sound will stand for a meaning. Language, which needs to be structured and must follow a logical order to make sense. Generative which means that there are a limitless number of meanings that are associated to the word. Dynamic which means that language is constantly changing, growing, and adapting (Willingham, 2007). Define Lexicon Lexicon is defined as the mental store and is thought to be the keeper of the cognitive processor’s knowledge of words, which also includes the spelling, pronunciation, definition, and parts of speech (Galotti, 2015). Most researchers have a belief that when people recognize words through the process of matching where the spoken word will be compared with a mental dictionary. This mental dictionary is known as the lexicon. The lexicon is the foot bridge between language and knowledge (Willingham, 2007). This communication bridge for lexicons will vary depending on how and where a lexicon is used. However, the grammaticalizations will be different depending on the type of language being used. The words and expressions used in each language will be the lexicon for that individual language. Therefore an individual person’s own set of vocabulary would have their own personal lexicon attached to it that would be their own personal storage unit of their knowledge. Evaluate Key Features of Language Charles Hackett identified 13 features of human language and how the human language is differs from other forms of communication. Four key factors are vocal-auditory channel, specialization, arbitrariness, and traditional transmissions. Vocal-auditory channel is defined as the means that the standard human language occurs vocal (creation of sound by mouth) type of communication that can be perceived by hearing it (Hyde, 1998). Specialization is the use of organs in the production of speech and these organs are able to adapt to the task of speech. Example would be the lips, tongue, a throat of a human that have been specially adapted to the task of speech and not just to assist as an eating apparatus. Whereas, dogs do not  have the physical capabilities for the speech sounds that humans have the capability of because dogs lack the necessary specialized organs (Hyde, 1998). Arbitrariness is where there is no necessary connection between form of the signal and what is being referred to. An example would be a very large object like a whale and yet it is referred to with a very short word. Some would argue that four-legged animals could then be referred to as the sounds they make. However, the sounds animals make do not always translate across culture borders and therefore even onomatopoeic words would be to some extent also arbitrary (Hyde, 1998). Traditional transmissions has the meaning that human language is not something that exist from birth. Even though language does not exist from birth humans are born with some ability to perform language. In order for humans to perform language they will need to learn, acquire, the language that is spoken around them from others who speak the language. Learning language by listening to others is different from the communications in the animal world. In the animal world animals are born knowing their entire systems. Such is the case with bumble bees who are born with the knowledge of dance and song birds that are born with the knowledge of bird-songs. Describe the four levels of language structure and processing The four levels of language structure and processing are phonemes, words, sentences, and text. Phonemes is the shortest segment of speech that if changed would change the meaning of the word (Goldstein, 2014). There are 44 phonemes that make up the basic unit of sound (Galotti, 2015). The basic unit of sounds will vary from different languages. The study of the different ways that phonemes can be combined in any language is called phonology. Once you have put the sounds together the task then becomes to put the sounds in a coherent way, identifying the meaningful units of language and this aspect is known as morphology (Galotti, 2015). These sounds then become words, sentences, and text. Words should be placed in a sentence will have importance to the understanding of the sentence. Text will be a group of sentences that once placed together will be the formation of the paragraph in reference to a certain subject. Analyze the role of language processing in cognitive psychology How humans process information is a key factor in cognitive psychology. Language is what is used as the main source of communication for humans and is influenced by both internal and external factors and since cognitive psychology is the investigation of all mental abilities the processing of language plays an important role. There are two different proposals in regards to the relationship of language to other cognitive processes. The modularity hypothesis proposed that there are some aspects of language, especially syntactic processes, will function autonomously, and independently of any other cognitive process. This recent proposal awaits a more rigorous empirical testing even though there is some evidence does exist. The second proposal is the Whorfian hypothesis of linguistic relativity, even though it is very interesting it has so far not received strong or empirical support (Galotti, 2015). Cognitive psychology is the science of how the mind is organized to produce intelligent thought and how the mind is realized in the brain (Anderson, 2015). With cognitive psychology being the study of how the mind is organized to produce intelligent thought this knowledge is through either written or verbal communication. The written or verbal communication through language enables an individual to communicate thoughts and emotions. It is these thoughts and emotions that cognitive psychology attempts to understand. Conclusion Language is a system of communication that is governed by a set of rules and can express an infinite number of propositions. Natural language has two criteria. First it must be governed by a set of rules knows as grammar. Second it must be productive – where an infinite number of things can be expressed (Galotti, 2015). Language plays an important role in the regards to cognition because it is the main communication tool used by human beings. Language has to have a storage place where pronunciation, definition, and parts of speech are stored. The storage place is called the lexicon. Lexicon is the bridge between language and knowledge. Language is a system of communication that is governed by a system of rules (Galotti, 2015). There are 4 levels of language, structure, and processing. In addition, Charles  Hockett identified 13 key features of the human language. The ability to turn language into communication through words, and then pull information from a person’s experiences, education, environment, and culture is a magnificent feat to accomplish, and it is through language that people are able to express their ideas because of the role cognition plays within language. References Anderson, J. R. (2015). Cognitive Psychology and its implications (8th ed.). New York, New York: Worth Publishers. Galotti, K. M. (2014). Cognitive psychology in and out of the laboratory (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Goldstein, E. B. (2014). Sensation and perception (9th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Hyde, K. (1998). The features of human language. Retrieved May 14, 2011, from http://people.exeter.ac.uk/bosthaus/Lecture/hockett1.htm Willingham, D. T. (2007). Cognition: The thinking animal (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Allyn Bacon

Bilingual Education Essay -- essays research papers

Benefits of Bilingual Education David Hosterman The issue of bilingual education is a very controversial issue and many people have different views concerning this subject. "Bilingual education began in 1968 as a small, $7.5 million federal program to help Mexican-American students, half of whom could not speak English well when they entered first grade" (Chavez 23). In addition, it began 23 years ago as a historic order for busing students to schools to achieve racial integration. One would believe that the supporters of bilingual education are Latino's but in actuality they are black and white professionals who know the advantages of their children being bilingual. It has been proven that students who are enrolled in bilingual classes have better scores on standardized tests, such as the ACT's and SAT's, than those who are not enrolled in bilingual classes. Bilingual education is beneficial for our country and enables students to learn English as well as keeping their native tongue for future success in our global econ omy. Bilingual education works in our society and should stay intact within the schools and should be funded to enable students who wish to take these classes should be able to. In aspect of Rudolph Giuliani's view that bilingual education doesn't work and that it is too expensive should be better thought out and he should look at the benefits that come from it. Giuliani was quoted regarding bilingual education by saying, "It's cruel to them and gives them less of a chance to succeed" (Willen 8). This is a bizarre view that Giuliani is issuing considering that it has been proven that students who are enrolled in bilingual classes perform better on standard eyes tests. This is an advantage for these students to succeed considering that the better the test grades the better the opportunity to get into good college. In addition one can notice that knowing more than one language can "utilize the strengths of bilingual children to prepare all students to compete in a global economy that increasingly calls for multilingual and multicultural expertise" (Beyer 11). Bilingual education can be seen beneficial in many schools and helps students prep are for a future in corporate America. In El Paso at a secondary school bilingual education can be seen as helpful for both the students and credibility of the school. At this... ... September 1998:11 EV. Bowen, Ezra. "Education: For Learning Or Ethnic Pride? Parents Politicians and Pedagogues Battle Over Bilingual Classes" Time 8 July 1985: 80. Chavez, Linda. "Bilingual Education Was to Teach English, Not Trap Students" Minneapolis Star Tribune 2 April 1995: 23A. Gonzales, Patricia. "Why Is Bilingual Education Opposed?" The Dallas Morning News 11 July 1996: 23A. Pratt, Chasity. "One Class, Two Languages/ Both English, Foreign Benefit Bilingual Schools." Newsday 4 April 2000: 6A. Ruano-Martinez, Natalia. "Should We Abolish Bilingual Education? No: It Prepares Kids For Global Economy." USA Today 2 June 1998: 13A. Weber, Brian. "Native Tongue Denver Schools Wrestle With Bilingual Education As Feds Make New Demands" Denver Rocky Mountain News 19 October 1997: 40A. Willen, Liz. "Bilingual Debate/ Rudy's Push to Limit Education Programs Draws Flak" Newsday 16 January1998: 8A.

Brief Summary of Daniel Willingham †Why Don’t Student Like School Essay

The answer to the question ‘why don’t students like school’ was explained very clearly on the first chapter. It was made clear that our brains are slow and unrealiable. Our brains tend to avoid thinking, which makes it unlikely for us to like thinking. But apparently our brains release some amount of dopamine when there are cases of ‘successful thinking’. So the trick is to give students problems that are challenging but also solvable. There are 3 types of memory stated in the book; the ‘environment’ memory, working memory and also long-term memory. For us to remember things better, we can trick our working memory with techniques such as ‘chunking’ since things can only get to the long-term memory through working memory. Emotion and interest also play a part in the remembering process. Things that grab our interest would trigger our mind to think, and memory is believed as the residue of thought while emotional events will be better remembered–unrelated to repetition–such as weddings, 9/11 tragedy or birthday parties. Sometimes we go on ‘auto-pilot’ on stuff that we regularly do, this is caused by repetition or practice, it can help us focus on other important things while still doing our regular activities such as chewing food, driving, reading and etc. The working memory has a very limited capacity, our brain can’t take too much information, if we do, it could lose track of what we’re doing and thinking fails. As an example, that’s what actually happened to me when I was reading the book, the first chapters really crowded my brain and it was actually hurting. Putting the material in a story form can also help students remember because stories are easy to comprehend, interesting and somehow easy to remember. Background knowledge is crucial during learning process as it helps new information to stay in our memory as it was stated that ‘Understanding new ideas is mostly a matter of getting the right old ideas into working memory and then rearranging them–making comparisons we hadn’t made before’ (Willingham, 2009). As I get to the 4th chapter, reading the book was much more easier to understand as I already have the background knowledge. The author explained how important it is to practi ce or drilling. The bad image of how practice is tiring and hard has made students often avoid practicing. However, it is not necessary to learn for a few hours in a row, in fact, doing so with ‘space’ will make  learning more effective, I believe this method wouldn’t feel so tiring and hard. In the 6th chapter, Willingham explained how experts have extensive organized experience, which makes them think in deep structure. Experts work on their subject for several hours a day, to get students to think like experts, learning should be done for several hours. There is a perception that experts would solve puzzles faster, however experts often take more time to think as they dig into more depth than novices. I personally agree with all the content in the book. I think the book basically covered all the aspects that could help students learn cognitive subjects efficiently. Proving Willingham’s theory on background knowledge and remembering, I read the book while relating to y our teachings and found that the content of the book was much easier to understand since some of them were also taught in your lessons. I guess you’re the living proof that the book is effective. I can see clearly how the writer actually performs his theory on chapter on through the book such as how he chose a question instead of a statement for the book’s title to grab attention. Often repetitions of definitions come up in different chapters of the book, which I believe is to help readers remember things. Some theories that are in the book are actually from our daily life that I haven’t noticed before. Stories have been used to help me learn, unconsciously, by teachers before but I did not really acknowledge how using stories for effective learning is actually a thing. The same with the emotional and interest theory on forgetting. What I did not expect was how we actually get satisfaction from learning, my perception towards learning has always been about something that is tiring and that it is important but wouldn’t give you any pleasure. Although I would add some things that might have been left behind by Willingham from his point of view. I would deli berate over a few things from a student’s perspective. It’s the ‘whom’ that I think he might’ve left out. Teachers aren’t all the same and each has their different styles of teaching. One teacher might have been basing his teaching on your book but the other doesn’t. I think this might affect how the students study at home. The materials–such as books or presentation slides–might just be insufficient or students might have got used to the ‘Willingham style’, students might not be able to keep up with the other subjects. If Willingham would add another chapter on changing student’s learning style permanently or something. That would be perfect. He  actually did mention how to treat the students in chapter 8 but I don’t think showing that the teacher has confidence in the student would change how the student thinks permanently. Another thing is just a method that I often use in memorizing process. I try to ‘act’ the theory in order for me to remember the matter. This is just an additional method that I think could have a space in the book. After reading the book, I realized that having read the book had somehow changed my perspective about some few things such as practice can be done in a more effective–less tiring–way, how to grab atte ntion–in case I have to teach–and few other things. Well, I guess that is all. I really think this is an outstanding book by how I actually enjoyed reading it. I really hope that teachers would use this book as their basis. But afterall a student’s performance does not only depend on the teachers but also the student. I think the book itself is applicable for students with some change of perspective and behavior.

Microfinance in India

India has always been a very agrarian focused culture, with approximately 450 million people are currently in need of funds. Micromanage encompasses many different types of services such as credit, savings, Insurance, remittance and pensions. Micromanage Initiatives primarily focus on microcircuit services because rural towns are heavily reliant on credit for a wide range of needs for example engage In economic activity, consumption needs, mitigate Income shocks, Increase savings and improve self-empowerment. In many micromanage areas, women comprise most of the groups because they are seen as more reliable with funds.Indian's micromanage evolution can be broken down into 4 distinct phases. Indian's micromanage movement started in 1903 through its credit cooperative movement. Before this movement, the poor often relied on the village's money lender whenever they needed access to cash. Money lenders were notorious for high interest rates; they would charge approximately 3%-8% per mont h on loans. Although money lenders would prey on farmer, they had no other choice to use them because they could not get access to banks. Farmers' earnings were directly related to how well their crops fared.High Interest rates coupled with possible years of famine made repayment Impossible caused agrarians to riot. In 1904, the Co-operative Society Act extended credit to Indian villages under government sponsorship as an alternative to traditional money lenders. Cooperatives were the only option to most rural areas because of its spatial spread and penetration in remote areas. During this phase commercial banks did not venture into rural areas because they were in the private sector and had no incentive to extend their outreach to rural areas. However they became unreliable because of NAP inefficiencies and they lacked revisionism's.Credit cooperatives had trouble distributing funds due to frozen assets from overdue repayments. Therefore rural areas stopped using credit cooperative s and opted for high interest money lenders. The next phase of Indian's micromanage evolution was the Nationalization of Social Banking. In 1969, former Prime Minister Nadir Ghanaian nationalized 14 major sector banks In part of her political policy to eradicate poverty. After the nationalization of banks, regional rural banks (Orbs) were created in order to strengthen the rural banking structure and reach more people.These banks offered a hybrid service of the previous cooperative banks with a more localized approach. Approximately a decade after, the government sponsored the Integrated Rural Development Program (ARID) to deliver RSI. 15000 to the poor. Indian's Integrated Rural Development Program (ARID) is a great example of inefficient subsidized credit. This program was set up in order to address the need to allocate funds according to social targets, meaning that 30% of the fund was allocated to socially excluded groups (defined using the caste system) and 30% towards women.Be tween 1979 and 1989, there was a huge period f ARID growth due to a huge subsidy budget of $6 billion. But despite the huge fund, the scheme did not generate a good Institutional performance. ARID repayment rates fell below and only of borrowers took out a second loan after the first loan was repaid; which is particularly troubling given it is perceived that repeating rate fell to Just 31%, and therefore the ARID failed its key purpose: being a reliable and meaningful lender to the poor.According to the Rural Finance Program at the Ohio State University, the main mistake government-led development banks (such as he ARID) made, was to view offering credit as the same as offering seeds. Ohio argues that credit should be thought of as a fungible tool of financial intermediation, and as not as a specific input into a production process. They claimed that credit could not Just be directed towards any particular section of society; and when this was linked with cheap credit policies, this caused havoc in rural financial markets.This outcome was due to the inadequate accounting of incentive effects and politics associated with subsidies. It is argued that subsidizing banks created inefficient monopolies and removed market tests. Some have even gone on to say that the households involved would have been better off without the subsidies. Firstly subsidized banks pushed out the informal money lenders, a source of credit the poor heavily rely on. Secondly, the use of subsidized credit means that the interest rate, a rationing mechanism, is driven down below market rates, breaking down the rationing mechanism.This meant that credit was no longer allocated to the most productive projects, and was often distributed on the basis of political and social desires. Thirdly, with subsidized lending, bankers incentives to collect savings posits were almost eradicated due to the constant flow of capital from the government, so poor households were left with unattractive and ineffic ient ways to save. During this phase, a trade union of self-employed women workers in Gujarat established a Self-Employed Women's Association (SEWS) bank in 1974.Approximately 4000 members contributed RSI. 10 to register as a co-operative bank to provide banking services to poor women. This successful bank was one of the first initiatives to introduce micromanage. The third phase of Indian's micromanage evolution is the introduction of SSH bank engage program and the growth of MONGO- Miff. The National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Banking (ONBOARD) was established in 1982 to focus primarily on agricultural and rural development. In 1992, ONBOARD pioneered the first self help group.These informal groups of women promote savings among members and used these resources for meeting their credit needs. A breakdown of this model is that in every meeting, the members would put aside a certain amount for deposit. These deposits are then recorded and through accumulation they become a way for members to lend to each other. Although the interest rates in this model are higher than what banks offer, the SSH groups reap the benefits because the repayment goes directly into the group's savings. This means that the group's loaning capabilities increases the more its members regularly save.In this model, there is no formal banking institution that provides loans. The primary goal of this model is for all members to begin their own saving initiatives. Later this model evolved to become part of Self Help Group Bank Linkage program (Kbps); after analyzing a SSH for 6 to 8 months, banks would pair up with groups to extend the credit of the group. After another period of 6 to 8 months, banks would offer a larger credit line; the maximum a group could borrow was four times their current savings account. Currently Kbps account for 58% of current loans outstanding.Micromanage Institutions (Miff), Non These type of institutions are similar to Bangladesh Grahame Model. In 1976 Unhan dsomely created the Grahame Bank Model as a project to assist poor families by offering credit. Grahame means Mileage† in Bengali. This type of banking was used to show that the poor people of Bangladesh are indeed bankable and able to pay back loans without promising collateral. The model success is based on the fact that there is no need for collateral however through group peer pressure, 96% of all loans are repaid.By offering lower interest rates than the Government of Bangladesh and weekly repayment schedules, the Grahame model has been very successful. This model has been very successful in Bangladesh and has become a formal banking structure in 1983. India modified this banking structure and Joint Liability Groups Loss) became the dominant model used in Micromanage institutions (Miff). This model is similar to Bangladesh Grahame Model but it introduces an important concept, Joint liability. In this model, there is usually 4 to 10 members who are self selected.Due to sel f selection, most of Joint liability groups are homogeneous groups. Whenever the group decides to take out a loan, all members must sign a Joint liability contract; this ensures that if one member fails to repay the loans, the other members are liable for it. This type of collateral is called social collateral because members often use peer pressure to make sure that all members repay their loans. This type of group is intended to Just be credit groups and regular savings by embers are not required. The group only exists because individual members are legally bound to one another.Miff prefer this model to provide credit to tenant farmers because the groups are easy to make and there are less restrictions regarding the utilization of the loan. During this phase, Miff experienced a boom because Nags coupled themselves with Miff to attract commercial investment. Indian's current phase of micromanage encompasses the centralization of micromanage. Throughout its history, micromanage has gone through an intense transformation to provide microcircuit for a wide range of services. Currently India uses a hybrid of the above models in its Miff.However Miff are being criticized for its high interest rates. Many borrowers only apply for loans between 5000-20000 rupees; the small value incurs high fixed costs for Miff. To avoid losing money, Miff often charge higher interest rates. Four key reasons why Miff charge high rates include: the cost of funds, Miff operating expenses, loan losses, and profits needed to expand their capital base and fund expected future growth. The costs that are associated with microcosms are the cost of the money to loan, cost of loan defaults ND transaction and operating costs.However it is important to note that there is approximately 450 million people untouched by any micromanage services. These people are often referred to as â€Å"unbreakable† because they rely on family members or moneylenders for financial services. During 2005-201 0, India experienced a boom in micromanage with state, Andorra Pradesh, leading the reform. However it was soon realized that Miff were using unethical practices to collect payments from borrowers. These practices escalated to cause many borrowers to commit suicide, little of borrowing and accept high interest rates to avoid Miff.The state government of Andorra Pradesh responded by enacting the Andorra Pradesh Micromanage Institutions (regulation of money lending) Act in 2010. The act made it they didn't have to pay back the loans and the government would protect them. This led the repayment rate to plummet from 99% to a mere 10%. The act was trying to protect the borrower and punish Miff for charging exorbitant interest rates and causing over borrowing. Critics of the act state that She were also part of the crisis ND that they were not negatively affected by the act as Miff were.They state that government backed She were also part of over borrowing and the act limits Miff business and successfully reduces competition between both micromanage institutions. The act negatively affected Miff profitability, loan recovery and their overall operations. The result of the crisis left many Miff at negative worth, this in return limits their accessibility to garner fresh funds and their overall ability to reach the rural poor. According to the norms, banks are not allowed to lend to banks that have negative worth.The crisis left micromanage companies like SHARE Microfilm, Ashman Microfilm, Spandex Sporty Financial, Trident Microfilm, and Future Financial Services unable to disburse fresh loans to clients. Banks also lost trust in Miff and there has been a serious liquidity crunch. Increased costs of borrowing coupled with the inability to access new funds further strained the profitability of Miff. Len conclusion, the enactment of the Andorra Pradesh Act stifled the access of basic financial services to the poorest of India citizens. The current goal for Indian's micro manage sector is poverty alleviation through uncial inclusion and inclusive growth.The 2010 Andorra Pradesh Crisis highlighted a few issues of Indian's micromanage sector. The crisis was due to high interest rates and multiple memberships and borrowing. Other issues include inadequate outreach and coverage, lack of regulation, limited product innovation, rising Naps and recovery issues, ratings of Miff and data availability. Proposed Micromanage Bill of 2012 After the 2010 Andorra Pradesh Crisis, the government was very worried over the state of Miff and proposed a bill to the development and regulation of Miff.The bill allows the central government to be the sole regulator and supervisor of Miff by creating the Micro Finance Development Council to oversee the development of Miff. Specifically the bill wants all Miff that are Non Banking Financial Companies (NBS) to be regulated by RIB while Miff that aren't companies would be regulated by the respective state governments because th ey will be able to take a more localized approach and be better equipped to serve them. The bill would also require Miff to provide an annual balance sheet, profit and loss account for audit to RIB at the end of ACH fiscal year.RIB would also have the authority to set the maximum annual interest charged and maximum limit on the margins Miff are allowed to make. RIB becoming the prime regulator for Miff increases uniformity and stability. However critics of the bill rather have a whole entire new body to regulate the micromanage sector such as Micromanage Regulatory and Development Authority. Key issues that still need to addressed: relating to margin, interest rate cap, allowing collection of thrift by Miff, enabling Miff to render other services than credit like pensions, insurance, etc. Ceiling limit on credit, and regulation. Critics don't want a cap on interest rates or margins because they believe that it negatively affects the entire private micromanage sector. Specifically pr ice controls only benefits a few while The bill lacks specific provisions, which would provide and facilitate financial inclusion at an affordable cost to poor and weaker sections. The bill doesn't address what led to the AP Crisis: multiple credit lending, over-indebtedness, multiple memberships and coercive measures adopted by Miff.

Community in Two Novels essays

Community in Two Novels essays Community is often thought of as a town, city, or even neighborhood, but community can refer to just about any group who has common beliefs, common values, or some sort of commonality. Families are small communities, and so are schools, churches, and groups with like ideals or causes. Both of these novels concern communities, and how many of the novels' characters interact with communities, both small and large. Communities are made up of individuals, but unless the individuals conform to community standards, or feel comfortable with them, they will have an uneasy relationship with the community, and with themselves, just as these two novels so graphically illustrate. Both main characters in these novels have uneasy relationships with their family, which translate into uneasy relationships within their small community, and thus translate to uneasy relationships with their larger community. In "The Wars," Robert's estrangement from his family begins with the death of his sister Rowena, and his decision to join the army to fight in Europe, as this passage illustrates, "'You think Rowena belonged to you. Well I'm here to tell you, Robert no one belongs to anyone. We're all cut off at birth with a knife and left at the mercy of strangers. You hear that' Strangers. (Findley 23). Immediately the reader understands the depth of the division in the family, and how Robert is struggling with his identity in his small familial community, just as his mother, Mrs. Ross, will struggle with her identity in the larger community where they live after he leaves. Part of successful assimilation in a community is feeling comfortable and that you belong. In this case, Robert feels he has nothing in common with his mother, and so, leaves the family because the member he loved the most is gone. He is searching for himself, meaning in his life, and attempting to discover where he fits i...

7 Solutions for Sentences with Problematic Parallels

7 Solutions for Sentences with Problematic Parallels 7 Solutions for Sentences with Problematic Parallels 7 Solutions for Sentences with Problematic Parallels By Mark Nichol 1. â€Å"The street is lined with boisterous sports bars, nail salons, and clothing boutiques. Some neighborhood, where nail salons and clothing boutiques can be described as boisterous. Do I misunderstand? I do, because when only the first of several items in a list is given an adjective, it is easily confused as applying to each item in the list. Either omit the adjective, or play fair and supply each item with its own: â€Å"The street is lined with elegant nail salons, trendy clothing boutiques, and boisterous sports bars.† 2. â€Å"The process would be confidential, voluntary, and the information would remain the property of the teachers.† The same rule applies for verbs. Either use a verb to apply to all items in a list, or attach a verb to each item. Or, in this case, combine the first two items into a combined item: â€Å"The process would be confidential and voluntary, and the information would remain the property of the teachers.† 3. â€Å"The so-called beer summit was photographed, discussed, and dissected on blogs, newscasts, and in barbershops and bars nationwide.† Let’s not forget prepositions. In a list, one preposition carries each item, or each has its own; there’s no middle ground: â€Å"The so-called beer summit was photographed, discussed, and dissected on blogs, during newscasts, and in barbershops and bars nationwide.† (For variety, try to use a different preposition for each item.) 4. â€Å"It would be safer to keep our bushy tree trimmed so that no would-be burglar could hide under it and buy a locked mailbox to help prevent identity theft.† Infinitives want equal standing, too. The original sentence implies that the would-be burglar might buy a locked mailbox after hiding under the bushy tree. The addition of a parallel infinitive after the conjunction linking the two parts of a sentence arrests this infelicity: â€Å"It would be safer to keep our bushy tree trimmed so that no would-be burglar could hide under it and to buy a locked mailbox to help prevent identity theft.† 5. â€Å"Legislation is often to blame, not because legislators are bad people but often they act on partial or misleading information.† Two reasons, one invalid and the other valid, are supplied in this sentence. Set them up separately, each with its own because: â€Å"Legislation is often to blame, not because legislators are bad people but because they often act on partial or misleading information.† 6. â€Å"The location features stifling heat, bacteria, polluted seas, lice, and bad cuisine.† If you’re going to modify one or most nouns in a list, go all the way and precede each with a pertinent adjective: â€Å"The location features stifling heat, gut-wrenching bacteria, polluted seas, itchy lice, and bad cuisine.† 7. â€Å"The afflictions are believed to include autism and learning and hyperactivity disorders.† Is learning a stand-alone item, or does disorders apply to it as well as to hyperactivity? You don’t know until you get to the end of the sentence, when it’s too late. The inclusion of a comma after autism prevents a stumble, and inserting â€Å"as well as† helps link the two remaining list items: â€Å"The afflictions are believed to include autism, as well as learning and hyperactivity disorders.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:85 Synonyms for â€Å"Help†Body Parts as Tools of Measurement50 Synonyms for â€Å"Villain†

Growth and Development of Entrepreneural Ventures Essay

Growth and Development of Entrepreneural Ventures - Essay Example Adherence to codes of ethics makes business organizations carry out proper social responsibility programs through which they communicate and show their commitment to the welfare of its workers, other stakeholders and the outside community. Most businesses that do not have codes of ethics often find themselves in various breaches of the law, forcing them to engage in various legal suits. Creditors sometimes sue the business for failing to abide by the terms and conditions of sale agreements; additionally, workers sometimes have various issues concerning contractual agreements and remuneration (Battelle, 2005). Ethical issues have special legal provisions to ensure that business organizations that do not live by the law are punishable according to the laid down legal structures. This paper examines ethical practices and conduct of Google, one of the many successful companies that offer clients the ability to search and carry out various social and economic activities on the internet. It focuses on the various work practices that have elicited ethical concerns not only in the company but also from its clients worldwide. It also examines the effects of these ethical concerns and how they can impact on the company’ operations in the future, giving some possible alternatives the company can embrace in the process of restoring customer confidence in its products and services (David, 2011). The report delves into the discussion of Google Inc., a multinational American corporation that specializes in offering internet-related products and services. These products include search engines, cloud computing services, online advertisements and various types of software. Most of the products that the company specializes in originated from ad Words (James, 2014). Since the company was incorporated, it has enjoyed consistent growth, managing to become one of the greatest companies in the world that offers internet and related services. The persistent growth has seen the company manage to establish a chain of products  and services to take advantage of the ever-increasing internet needs by people worldwide, which are now turning to the internet as the sources of economic livelihood.  

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

History - Essay Example These men were busy planning new governments after they won the Civil War. The South was busy planning a new government which was based on slavery, while the North was creating new laws banning slavery. Lincoln and Jefferson Davis were too busy running their respective governments to go into battle. Davis wanted to be a general and had military experience, but was elected to be President of the Confederacy. Diplomatic relations depended on the foreign nations that backed the respective sides. Both sides used politics and diplomacy to further their war plans. The North was better prepared for war than the South. Northern cities had paved roads, industrial strength, and urbanized cities. The ports and railroad connected the North with precious supplies. Northern life worked for the war cause. The South only had plantations and farming. When the North started burning crops, houses, and anything that could be used in the South, many Southerner civilians and soldiers began to starve. Unio n soldiers captured were also starved due to a lack of supplies. Women on both sides had to take up positions left by men that were at the fronts. Women and children lost their men on both sides. This was the bloodiest war and many men were killed. Slaves were forced into battle or made to starve with their owners. Life was not pleasant. Bibliography Volo, Dorothy Denneen and James M. Volo. Daily Life in Civil War America.

Statement of purpose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Statement of purpose - Essay Example I chose to major in English Language because I had a clear vision of the advantages of learning English. I became aware of the difficulties in learning the language, surmounted these difficulties with the guidance of my teachers, and decided to use my experience to help my people to learn and use the language for their material, cultural and spiritual progress. Some of my teachers were native speakers of English. There were advantages in learning their language from them, but I think some of my people may find it easier to be taught by one of their own. It was, therefore, natural, that I should apply for the post of an English Language teacher in my country. By the grace of God, the authorities recognized my qualifications, my skills, and my ambition and appointed me to the post. Again, by the grace of God, they acknowledged my merits by promoting me very soon to the position of Head of the General Studies Department. Even as I was trying to master the art of teaching a foreign language to my countrymen, in my early days of teaching, I knew that I needed to learn more about the language and about the latest methods of teaching. When I became Head of the General Studies Department, I realized that I should wait no longer. I discussed this with the Director of the Institute, and he warmly supported my views and wishes.

Segmentation and Market Target Essay Example for Free

Segmentation and Market Target Essay To obtain success, and then retain success, organizations need to determine which market segments to focus (Kotler Keller, 2012). Additional consideration is necessary to ensure that the organization can effectively serve this market segment. According to Kotler and Keller (2012), the finest marketing plans identify and embrace segment differentiation by determining the demographic, psychographic, geographic, and behavioral characteristics. For example purposes, this white paper discusses segmentation and target market for â€Å"Your Organization†. Consumer Segmentation Organizations will not benefit from mass marketing, however will gain success through the insight of consumer segmentation. As mentioned above, the four primary segmentation variables are demographic, psychographic, geographic, and behavioral characteristics. For clarification purposes, a brief description of each is shown. Demographic segmentation separates consumers by â€Å"variables such as age, family size, family life cycle, gender, income, occupation, education, religion, race, generation, nationality, and social class† (Kotler Keller, 2012, p. 216). Psychographic segmentation takes into consideration the consumer values, attitudes, and lifestyles. Geographic segmentation addresses the variables of region, climate, population growth rates and density. Lastly, behavioral segmentation considers price sensitivity, usage, brand loyalty, and attitudes. Examples of â€Å"Your Organization†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s segmentations is below, using data provided by the organization’s core operating system â€Å"Your Organization Server† (2014), effective for June 1, 2014. Demographic Segmentatio n â€Å"Your Organization† is a community chartered credit union in Richmond, Virginia. The demographic information includes age, income, and gender. When accessing the age brackets for members age 12 or older, management found the primary age bracket of 47 – 65 years old at 41.8%. The chart below provides details on each age bracket. Based on this information, the  credit union needs to determine how to shift the average age of our membership to 33 – 46 years of age to firmly establish a strong future membership base. Gender is the final demographic item the credit union reviews. Each gender is broken down within the age brackets. The credit union was originally formed to serve the Richmond employees of DuPont, leading management to the assumption of a significantly larger male percentage of members. As shown below this assumption was incorrect; thus, additional marketing focus to the female segment is ideal. Currently, the credit union focuses on large  truck, motorcycle, and SUV loan target mailings, leaving the mid-size and minivan opportunities unaddressed. Information was available regarding the occupations of the membership; however, the disorganization of the data lead to inconclusive results. Consequently, the senior management made the decision to disregard the results from this demographic group. Geographic Segmentation â€Å"Your Organization†, as a community charter credit union, faces the challenge of a small geographic area in which to serve consumers. Potential membership must live, work, worship, volunteer, or attend school in the counties of Chesterfield, Hanover, Henrico, and the city of Richmond. In order for management to gain insight into the location of members’ households, the credit union segments the membership by city or county. The geographic information is as follows: City of County Percentage of Membership Chesterfield 43.21% Hanover 14.38% Henrico 10.63% City of Richmond 28.97% Undetermined 2.8% Behavioral Segmentation â€Å"Your Organization† reviews the following behavioral groups, credit driven, fee driven, upscale, middle market, middle income depositor, and low income depositor. These groups are then cross compared with age and income brackets. The chart below provides a visual on â€Å"Your Organization†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s percentages, along with credit union national averages (Open Solutions Inc., 2011). Age Income 18 – 34 35 – 44 45 – 54 55-64 65+ $125,000+ Credit Driven 10% 10% Upscale 6%, 9% $50,000 $125,000 Middle Market 26%, 24% Middle Income Depositor 17%, 17% Less than $50,000 Fee Driven 19%, 18% Low Income Depositor 22%, 22% â€Å"Your Organization† Credit Union National Averages Based this information the credit union should focus on further targeting the upscale segment and relying less on the fee driven. As regulations continue to change, fee income will potentially decrease. Psychographic Segmentation In regard to the psychographic segmentation, â€Å"Your Organization† has relied on member loyalty throughout the years. However, as economic turbulence continues to impact the organization, per the Vice-President of Marketing (2014), the credit union is seeking to further exploration into psychographic segmentation. According to Kotler Keller (2012), Strategic Business Insight’s (SBI) VALS framework signifies the values and lifestyles of classified Unites States adults using questionnaires to identify the consumer’s motivation and resources. Information from SBI states that with the ongoing evolution of the financial industry, â€Å"consumers are becoming increasing multidimensional† (SBI, 2004). The VALS assessment takes into consideration for channel or interface preferences, trust in institutions, control within the household, and much more to determine financial patterns. The credit union would benefit from conducting research on the psychographic se gmentation of the membership, as no longer demographic and behavioral segmentation is enough. Positioning Statement A positioning statement for â€Å"Your Organization† which supports the current brand and strategies is as follows. â€Å"Your Organization† will assist our community members in reaching their financial goals. We are committed to supporting and serving fellow community members through financial needs, charity events, and volunteering. Our credit union promises to serve our  members through each stage of life. This supports the current psychographic segmentation of brand loyalty, and a willingness to support the membership financially through each stage of life. Conclusion Regardless of the organization, the ability to obtain success, and then retain it is due in part to ability to focus on the correct market segments. However, the organization must ensure that it possesses the resources to this market segment. â€Å"Your Organization† is working to create the highest level of marketing plans by identifying and embracing segment differentiation through demographic, psychographic, geographic, and behavioral characteristics. However, further improvements are necessary to achieve the ultimate tier of success. References â€Å"Your Organization Server†. (2014). Segmentation data. Retrieved from â€Å"Your Organization† on June 1, 2014. Kotler, P., Keller, K. L. (2012). Marketing management (14th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Open Solutions Incorporated. (2011). Overview analysis. Retrieved from â€Å"Your Organization† corporate library on June 1, 2014. Strategic Business Insights. (2004, June). Segmentation in the twenty-first century: Financial behavior of the VALS segments. Retrieved from http://www.strategicbusinessinsights.com/cfd/MRsummaries/MR.VI-09.shtml.

The United States and Assault Rifles Essay -- gun control

The United States of America was founded on laws to stop a single person from ruling the country. These laws were later known as the Bill of Rights, which lists every living person’s rights. On this Bill of Rights is what is know as the Second Amendment which gives United States citizens the right to bear arms. Over the years this amendment has been questioned by the government on how it affects the safety of citizens. Safety is important and the new high-capacity magazines could be a true threat to America's safety. As big of a threat as they may seem, assault rifles are not the first major weapon to wreak havoc on the citizens of the United States. If we take a time machine back in time, we can see that when there are weapons crimes can happen. The greatest example of weapons being a threat on the United States would be the lever-action weapons. These weapons had pre-made firing cartridge that fired faster than the common musket. These new rifles were developed and mass produced during the American Civil War. The lever action rifle was more accurate and could shoot two hundred yards further than the standard smoothbore Model 1842. This made the Henry lever action rifles some of the most feared rifles in its era. Now, no mass shootings were recorded using a rifle like this, on civilians that is, but it has been used in some of the biggest and bloodiest battles in the American Civil War.(Pritchard, Russ A. Civil War Weapons and Equipment. Globe Pequot, 2003.). The United States used these n ew fast firing rifles to completely annihilate one another in the Civil War, but the Henry Lever action rifle was just the beginning of the fast firing rifle systems. As the world began to evolve it became clear that the need for b... ...an people. This right should not be taken away or altered like it has been, but it should be tweaked so that it is harder to own a military style rifle. It is a hard choice to make but one is needed now. No longer can the United States allow mentally unstable citizens own guns that our soldiers fight with. This is a topic that undergoes far more discussion than any other subject when it comes to the safety of the people, yet there is still no answer. Works Cited 1. Pritchard, Russ A. Civil War Weapons and Equipment. Globe Pequot, 2003. 2. "United States M16 Assault Rifle." armed forces history museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 May 2014. . 3. "United States Senator Dianne Feinstein." Assault Weapons -. N.p., 5 Dec. 2012. Web. 3 May 2014. .

Discussion Topic – Egocentric Thinking

How does conducting research move you away from the problem of egocentric thinking that was discussed on page 21 in the Paul and Elder critical thinking booklet? As humans we are sometimes stuck in our own beliefs. We believe what we are told and what we've always known. â€Å"We do not naturally appreciate the point of view of others nor the limitations in our own point of view† (Simmons, 2011). By conducting research, we are able to encounter other views that are more factual with actual research behind it. We only have so much to offer based on our experiences.If we research other's work from around the world, we are now open to so many more possibilities. A critical thinker is one that would research often to find multiple perspectives and then take that Information to form an educated response. A non- critical thinker would be the one to stick to their own beliefs based on what they know from personal experience. * How might conducting your inquiry research project contri bute to your professional knowledge base, rather than relying on your intuitive knowledge base to make decisions?By conducting my own Inquiry research project, I will be able to see many perspectives and ideas related to my topic by professionals from all over. Because I am a new teacher, I really rely on other's work because they've had so much more experience than me. They've put in the time for all that research that I would have never known otherwise. We all live in different areas so my research results may only work for the student's In my area. It's important to get a variety of research so that you can compile them to get a more well-rounded result.How does the skill of making decisions based on critically reviewing and conducting research differentiate you as a professional educator? By making decisions based on reviewing and research, differentiates me because I am not Just taking what I know from my own classroom and sticking with what I know. I am able to research profes sional articles to open my mind and allow new ideas in. A teacher that researches often and tries new ideas in their classroom, will have more of an Impact and become a better-rounded professional with much more to add to this profession.

Caulerpa lentillifera Essay

Statement of the Problem 1. Can Lato (Caulerpa lentillifera) be used as fertilizer to plants? 2. Compared to usual fertilizers, will sugar help yield lato fertilizers a better result to growing of plants? 3. Can Lato seaweed and sugar complement with each other in making a crop-yielding fertilizer? Null Hypothesis 1. Lato can be used as a fertilizer to plants. 2. Sugar can help yield lato fertilizers a better result to growing of plants. 3. Lato and sugar complement with each other in making a crop-yielding fertilizer. Significance of the Study Over the years, land and sea farming has been a part of Filipino life. It is cored to the notion that our archipelago is surrounded both by a large body of water and land area. Amid the adamant need for our fields to gain healthy crops, we, Filipinos are indeed in need to pave ways for strategies of growing our crops which will later result to profitable harvest. In this connection, this research aims to study the potentials of lato seaweed and sugar as fertilizers with cheap investment. This aim roots its significance to the need of Filipino farmers to use affordable, organic, and accessible fertilizers that will help them in yielding vigorous and abundant crops. Review of Related Literature â€Å"†¦those gardening for food can use copious amounts of seaweeds for mulch and fertilizer.(Traditional Irish fertilizer, see: Man of Aran, and The Field), add seaweeds abundantly to compost†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ryan Drum, 2012) â€Å"Seaweeds are 20-50% dry weight mineral†¦ the elements abundant in seaweeds include: potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, chloride, sulfur, phosphorous, vanadium, cobalt, manganese, selenium, bromine, iodine, arsenic, iron, and fluorine† (Kazutosi, 2002). â€Å"Fertilizers from seaweeds result to increase crop yield probably due to the presence of growth promoting hormones (Bentley-Mowat, 1963). â€Å"Other beneficial effects include increased resistance of crop to fungal and insect pests and increase water holding capacity of the soil† (Mathiseson, 1967). â€Å"Caulerpa lentillifera is high in minerals, vitamin A, C, and several essential unsaturated fatty acids. It is also reported to have antibacterial and antifungal properties† (https://seaweedindustry.com/seaweed/type/caulerpa-lentillifera). â€Å"Sugar added to fertilizer can influence the pH levels within the soil. Plants that are sensitive to a change in pH levels will be unable to absorb nutrients from the soil.† (www.bioiberica.com) â€Å"Sugar is a great way to get rid of weeds and keep your lawn’s eco-system balanced. Plain table sugar spread on your lawn is an organic gardening method to keep weeds at bay.† (http://www.ehow.com/about_6404819_sugar-lawn-fertilizer.html) Scope and Limitations This research focuses and aims only to study the potentials of lato seaweed and sugar as fertilizers especially when combined together. The researcher gathered data from surfing the internet so as first-hand observation and experiments.